The ins and outs of sciatica: understanding the basics

The sciatic nerve is the largest and longest nerve in your body. It forms from other nerves in the lower lumbar spine and tailbone, like tributaries feeding into a river.

 Each side of your body has a sciatic nerve, which powers muscles in your thighs, legs and feet. These muscles allow actions like pushing off with your toes, extending and flexing your toes and feet, and tipping your feet outward.

This incredible nerve enables activities like dancing, sprinting, jumping, and walking. While the sciatic nerve itself doesn't cause sensation, its branches transmit feelings to your foot and lower leg. This connection explains why symptoms are often felt in these areas. Sciatica, by definition, only affects the sciatic nerve. Let 's explore common causes and symptoms of this painful condition.

What causes sciatica?

One  common cause of sciatica is intervertebral disc damage. The nerve roots that form the sciatic nerve originate in the spine and pass near the discs. If a disc bulges or is damaged, it can press on these nerve roots, affecting the sciatic nerve downstream. Another common cause is piriformis syndrome. As the sciatic nerve travels from the pelvis to the leg, it passes near or through the piriformis muscle. If this muscle tightens excessively, it can compress and irritate the sciatic nerve, resulting in symptoms of sciatica.

Symptoms and treatment

You may experience a variety of symptoms, but they typically include: sharp, severe pain in one leg, numbness and/or tingling that radiates to your foot or toes.

In cases involving disc issues, the straight leg raise test can increase leg pain. For piriformis muscle issues, pain may intensify with sitting.

Sciatica can be quite painful, but can resolve on its own - although this may take up to four to six weeks. However, some people continue to experience persistent pain, which can become problematic. If you experience symptoms of sciatica, seeking prompt assistance is advisable.

The first and crucial step is to obtain an accurate diagnosis. We will ask relevant questions, perform tests, and facilitate imaging if appropriate. This process helps you understand your condition, allowing us to make informed decisions about your treatment together.